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Common fig
''Ficus carica'' is an Asian species of flowering plants in the mulberry family, known as the common fig (or just the fig). It is the source of the fruit also called the fig, and as such is an important crop in those areas where it is grown commercially. Native to the Middle East and western Asia, it has been sought out and cultivated since ancient times, and is now widely grown throughout the temperate world, both for its fruit and as an ornamental plant.〔''The Fig: its History, Culture, and Curing'', Gustavus A. Eisen, Washington, Govt. print. off., 1901〕 The species has become naturalized in scattered locations in Asia and North America.〔(Flora of China ''Ficus carica'' Linnaeus, 1753. 无花果 wu hua guo )〕〔(Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map )〕
==Description==
''Ficus carica'' is a gynodioecious (functionally dioecious),〔 deciduous tree or large shrub, growing to a height of , with smooth white bark. Its fragrant leaves are long and across, and deeply lobed with three or five lobes. The complex inflorescence consists of a hollow fleshy structure called the syconium, which is lined with numerous unisexual flowers. The flower itself is not visible from outside the syconium, as it blooms inside the infructescence. Although commonly referred to as a fruit, the fig is actually the infructescence or scion of the tree, known as a false fruit or multiple fruit, in which the flowers and seeds are borne. It is a hollow-ended stem containing many flowers. The small orifice (ostiole) visible on the middle of the fruit is a narrow passage, which allows the specialized fig wasp ''Blastophaga psenes'' to enter the fruit and pollinate the flower, whereafter the fruit grows seeds. ''See Ficus: Fig pollination and fig fruit.
The edible fruit consists of the mature syconium containing numerous one-seeded fruits (druplets).〔(Wayne's Word: Sex Determination & Life Cycle in ''Ficus carica'' )〕 The fruit is long, with a green skin, sometimes ripening towards purple or brown. ''Ficus carica'' has milky sap (laticifer). The sap of the fig's green parts is an irritant to human skin.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher= Purdue University: Horticulture & Landscape Architecture )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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